Paper Library

What Swarm is, and how it is specified.

• Swarm Whitepaper

  Swarm Team, Jun 2021

  The original introduction to Swarm's vision, architecture, and design principles.

• The Book of Swarm

  Viktor Trón, Feb 2024

  The comprehensive design and architecture reference for the Swarm network.

• Swarm Protocol Specification

  Swarm Research Division, Sep 2025

  The authoritative technical spec for the Swarm protocol.

• Swarm Formal Specification

  Swarm Research Division, Aug 2025

  Formal mathematical specification of core Swarm components.

How data is stored, paid for and kept available.

• Batch Utilisation

  György Barabás & Viktor Trón, Apr 2025

  Analysis of postage stamp batch utilization rates: the relationship between batch depth, theoretical maximum volume, and the effective storage capacity users can realistically expect.

• Non-local Redundancy: Erasure Codes and Replicas for Robust Retrieval

  Trón, Tóth, Barabás et al., Jan 2024

  Architecture for resilient content retrieval using Reed-Solomon erasure coding integrated into the Swarm hash tree.

• Erasure Statistics

  Swarm Research Division, Mar 2025

  How many parity chunks it takes to keep data safe, modeled across error rates and file sizes.

• Price Oracle

  Swarm Research Division, Mar 2025

  The contract that sets the price of storage, adjusting it round by round to supply and demand.

Who can read data, and how access is given and taken back.

• A Dream Come True: Deletable Content in Immutable Storage

  Viktor Trón & Henning Diedrich, Sep 2025

  Deletion by Revoking Encryption Access for Mutable resources.